Eve Of Destruction - REDUX Mac OS

The Vietnam War has been depicted in many games.

Video games[edit]

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While not as popular a topic as World War II and fictional wars set in modern times the Vietnam War has been the setting for numerous video games.

Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Linux: Human Head Studios: Gathering of Developers: 2001 Rune: Viking Warlord: Third-person shooter, Hack and slash PlayStation 2 Human Head Studios Gathering of Developers 2000 Star Trek: Deep Space Nine: The Fallen: Third-person shooter, Adventure: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS The Collective: Simon & Schuster: 1998.

Action-adventure game[edit]

• Magicka: Vietnam (2011)
• When I was young (2020)^[9]

Top-down shooter[edit]

• Operation: Vietnam (2007)

Rail shooters[edit]

• Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh Trail (2004)
• Soldier Boyz (FMV rail shooter) (1997)

Arcade shooter games[edit]

• Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War (2020)
• NAM (video game) (1998)
• Vietnam: Black Ops (2000)
• Vietnam Special Assignment 2 (2001)
• Battlefield Vietnam (2004)
• Marine Heavy Gunner: Vietnam (2004)
• Shellshock: Nam '67 (2004)
• Made Man (video game) (2006)
• The Hell in Vietnam (2008)
• Shellshock 2: Blood Trails (2009)
• Tunnel Rats: 1968 (2009)
• Call of Duty: Black Ops (2010)
• Battlefield: Bad Company 2: Vietnam (2010)
• 7554 (2011)
• Call of Duty: Black Ops: Declassified (2012)
• Far Cry 5: Hours of Darkness (2018)
• Eve of Destruction Redux (2018)

Tactical shooter games[edit]

The Vietcong series

• Vietcong (video game) (2003)
  • Vietcong: Fist Alpha (2004)
  • Vietcong: Red Dawn (2005)
• Vietcong 2 (2005)
  • Vietcong 2: Fist Bravo (2006)

Other tactical shooters

• Line of Sight: Vietnam (2003)
• Conflict: Vietnam (2004)
• Men of Valor (2004)
• Elite Warriors: Vietnam (2005)
• Military Conflict: Vietnam (2020)

Military simulations[edit]

• Project Reality (2005)
• Rising Storm 2: Vietnam (2017)

Jet simulators[edit]

• Wings Over Vietnam (2004)
• Air Conflicts: Vietnam (2013)
• Gunship III (2012)

Helicopter simulators[edit]

• M.I.A.: Missing in Action (1998)^[2][3]
• Search & Rescue: Vietnam Med Evac (2002)
• Whirlwind over Vietnam (2006)
• Air Conflicts: Vietnam (2013)

Real-time tactics games[edit]

• Green Berets (2001)
• Men of War: Vietnam (2011)

Real-time strategy games[edit]

• The Nam: Vietnam Combat Operations (2020)
• Platoon (2002 video game) (2002)
• War Over Vietnam (2004)
• Vietnam ‘65 (2015)
• Radio Commander (2019)

Wargame (video games)[edit]

The Squad Battles Series

• Squad Battles: Vietnam (2001)
• Squad Battles: Tour of Duty (2002)
• Squad Battles: Dien Bien Phu (2009)

Other Wargame (video games)

• Steel Panthers II: Modern Battles (1996)
• The Operational Art of War II: Modern Battles 1956-2000 (1999)
• Air Assault Task Force (2006)

Board games[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^https://store.steampowered.com/app/1059230/When_I_Was_Young/
2. ^ ^ab'M.I.A.: Missing In Action for Windows (1998)'. MobyGames. Retrieved 2019-04-27.
3. ^ ^abNot to be confused with the 1989 arcade game with the same title
4. ^http://www.hpssims.com/Pages/products/SB/DBPhu/DBPhu.html
5. ^http://www.hpssims.com/Pages/products/SB/TOD/TOD.html
6. ^http://www.hpssims.com/Pages/products/SB/SBVietnam/SBVietnam.html
7. ^http://vietafghan.frvp.comArchived 2011-05-16 at the Wayback Machine
8. ^'Apocalypse Now'. 2017-10-28. Retrieved 2018-05-31.
9. ^'When I was young official website'.

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The eve of destruction

'Don't trust anyone over 30.'

- Common refrain in the 1960s

In the 1960s, a singer-songwriter named Barry McGuire hit it big with a song called 'Eve of Destruction.' The premise of the song was that America was not a good country because we were in Vietnam. We were embodied by the fighter pilots bombing North Vietnam. McGuire appealed to their conscience, as if they were simply cold-blooded killers or murderous automatons, dropping bombs without a care for the loss of life below. The fact that the people, politics, armies, strategies, ideologies and enemies of America on the receiving end of those bombs were Communists; and that Communists were responsible for the murder of more than 100 million human beings in the 20^th Century (and now 21^st; North Korea has starved over 2 million to death since 2000); breathtakingly escaped McGuire's judgment. The title of the song suggested that unless America changed its ways, we were on the eve of 'doom,' of 'destruction.' They might have used the word 'Armageddon,' although that would require a strict interpretation of Biblical Christianity, which was not the preferred way of 1960s radicals or rock stars.

It was that kind of decade.

In American history, and maybe in all human annals, there has probably never been a decade that looked more different at the end than it did in the beginning than 1960-69. In January 1960, moderate Republican Dwight Eisenhower was the President. Conservative, anti-Communist firebrand Richard Nixon of California was his Vice-President and the favorite to succeed him in the November elections. Communism and control of space were the dominant themes of the era.

When the Communists ousted the French from Dien Bien Phu, Indochina in 1954, Nixon advocated the use of battlefield nuclear weapons, but Ike did not follow the advice. When Soviet Premier Nikita Kruschev banged his shoe on his desk at the United Nations, telling America, 'We will bury you,' and when Cuba went Communist under Fidel Castro, Nixon was the point man of the debate.

The Soviets launched a satellite called Sputnik into outer space in 1957. By 1960 Ike and Senate Majority Leader Lyndon Johnson (D.-Texas) were the front men in the 'space race,' with plans to launch the Mercury program the following year.

'The Roman Empire was powerful because they built roads,' LBJ told Eisenhower. 'The British controlled the seas because they built ships. Later we were powerful because of our air force. Now, the Soviets got control of outer space, and can drop nuclear bombs on us, like kids droppin' rocks from a freeway overpass, and all I wanna know is, how in the hell did they ever get ahead of us?'

In the South, segregation was the law of the land, despite the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education decision and Eisenhower's 1957 decision to use Federal troops to enforce the integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. The civil rights movement was getting underway, led by a charismatic young black preacher named Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. When King was jailed in Birmingham, Alabama, Democrat Presidential candidate John F. Kennedy courageously intervened in his release. Nixon chose not to, fearing that it would enflame white opinion against him. JFK's move resulted in the appreciation and support of Dr. King and his grateful wife, Coretta Scott King. But more important, it swung Jackie Robinson, now a Connecticut Republican in retirement from baseball but very active in the struggle, away from his friend and fellow Californian Nixon, towards Kennedy.

It was the closest election in American history, decided by two states, Illinois and Texas. In the Cook County wards of Chicago controlled by demagogic Mayor Richard Daley, thousands of Democrats voted twice if not more in JFK's favor.

'Vote early, vote often,' they were told.

In Texas, Vice-Presidential candidate Johnson controlled the 'tombstone vote.' It was precisely how he had stolen the 1948 Senate election and he was expert at it. Millions of dead Texans 'voted' Kennedy-Johnson. A common joke of the era concerned a little girl crying. When asked what brought about her tears, she replies that her grandfather came to town but did not see her.

'But your granddaddy's been dead three years,' she is told.

'I know, but he came back to vote for Lyndon Johnson,' she replies.

All of the 'fixed vote' shenanigans, managed from on high by JFK's brutal father, Joseph P. Kennedy (a one-time Nazi appeaser who said of Adolf Hitler, 'We can't beat him, we might as well do business with him'), was known by key people at the Washington Post. Publisher Katherine Graham and editor Ben Bradlee were both friends and supporters of JFK. They chose not to use the paper to investigate. 13 years later, opposed to then-President Nixon, they did choose to use the Post to investigate Watergate, resulting in Nixon's 1974 resignation.

The events that separate Kennedy's stealing of the 1960 election and Nixon's resignation 14 years later are nothing less than a star-crossed Shakespearean tale of 'what ifs?'; of 'what comes around goes around'; of redemption and crazy twists of fate; of a 'Kennedy curse' that lends one to the prevailing notion that there is a God – and a devil - and that these forces most definitely have a hand in the affairs of man.

Eisenhower warned of the 'Military Industrial Complex' in his January 1961 farewell address, one of the most prescient speeches in history, but the country Kennedy inherited was innocent, at least in retrospect. Civil rights, Communism in Southeast Asia, the 'space race' and 'arms race' had not yet bubbled to the surface of the American conscience. The United States was still essentially a 'Christian nation' of church-going nuclear families, children raised in growing suburbs, our economy humming along in affluence while the rest of the world still struggled to recover from World War II. Music, movies and culture still resembled the 1950s. The encapsulation of America at that time was the Fresno neighborhood where Charles Seaver raised his brood. It was the America of George Lucas's American Graffiti; a Beach Boys sound track, not Jimi Hendrix; The Ten Commandments, not Easy Rider.

Our military was considered invincible, the conquerors of Nazi Germany and imperial Japan. But there were fissures. Los Angeles and California looked to be the future. New York was falling apart; the Dodgers and Giants were gone, lost in large measure because the neighborhoods they played in were crime-riddled, devastated by 'white flight.' The old school Yankees and their country club ways were on their last legs.

In 1961, the CIA launched an ill-fated attempt to oust Fidel Castro at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba. Kennedy met Kruschev at the Vienna summit. Kruschev sized up the young President, determined he was a 'rookie,' on his heels after the Bay of Pigs disaster, and endeavored to engage in rampant adventurism in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and everywhere else. It was an international Cold War of ideas that, at that time, the Communists looked to be winning.

If Nixon were President in 1961, he almost surely would have ordered the U.S. planes providing air cover at the Bay of Pigs to protect the invasion. JFK's decision not to do so is unquestionably the reason the operation failed. Had air power been used, the invasion surely would have succeeded, Fidel Castro would have been ousted, and the historical ramifications would have been incalculable; seemingly all too the good.

That summer, the Communists erected the Berlin Wall, dividing the totalitarian East from the free West. Kruschev may not have gone forward with the wall if Nixon had been in office; obviously he never tried it with Ike at the helm.

The following year, they installed nuclear weapons in Cuba. Kennedy did not let it stand, and America prevailed in the Cuban Missile Crisis. It was a major victory for JFK, his greatest legacy. 1962 was the last vestige of American political innocence. Still, Kruschev would not have tried such a bold move had Nixon been his counterpart.

In 1963, Dr. King took the civil rights protest to the streets. Truncheons, firehoses, snarling dogs and hatred met them. Television cameras captured it all. The focus was now on the South, where Alabama's Democrat Governor George Wallace vowed to impose 'segregation now, segregation forever.' Army troops had to protect blacks students trying to enroll at the University of Mississippi and the University of Alabama.

In the fall, JFK gave tacit approval to a South Vietnamese coup d'etat resulting in the murder of President Ngo Dinh Diem. Historians differ on whether Kennedy was planning a withdrawal of U.S. involvement in Vietnam, at that time still limited mostly to advisors and the CIA. After the coup, however, the situation became tenuous and America had little choice but to try and right the situation.

On November 22, Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. To this day conspiracy theories postulate any number of scenarios, but the 'lone gunman' theory that Lee Harvey Oswald, a Communist, killed Kennedy because he opposed Castro is the closest thing to an 'answer' available. The eventual opening of archives may or may not shed truth on the tragedy.

Lyndon Johnson took over as President and in 1964 launched full-scale war on North Vietnam. It was the demarcation point in American history. There is America before this event, and all that flows from it. It further begs the 'what if?' question surrounding the Kennedy-Nixon rivalry. Had Nixon been President, Kruschev would have likely considered him a hard-line anti-Communist not to be trifled with. Aside from refraining from building the Berlin Wall and installing nukes in Cuba, he probably would not have escalated Communism into South Vietnam in such wholesale manner.

Assuming that the Communists did escalate their activities, in 1964-65 a President Nixon may well have launched an all-out assault on Communist forces that might have ended the conflict with American victory and freedom for the entire country. On the other hand, it might have started World War III with Russia and China, which President Harry Truman had endeavored to avoid in Korea.

Kennedy's younger brother Robert, who as Attorney General authorized wiretaps of Martin Luther King Jr., was elected to the U.S. Senate from New York in 1964. His younger brother, Teddy, was now the Democrat Senator from Massachusetts. The crazy quilt of possibilities revolving around Nixon and the Kennedy family was only beginning to take shape. Old man Joe, the Machiavellian string-puller who had orchestrated each political maneuver in his son's political careers, was forced to watch everything in tortured silence. He was muted, seemingly by God, when he suffered a stroke that left him in a near-vegetative condition.

The Democrats looked to be all-powerful, sweeping to total victory in 1964 elections for the Presidency, the Senate, the House, and state legislatures. LBJ initiated the Great Society in 1964-65, a series of welfare, affirmative action, and civil rights acts. The ultimate irony was that it brought millions of black citizens into the Democrat fold, yet the party still had the Jim Crow vote! Dixie had been all Democrat since Republican Abraham Lincoln won the Civil War. But Johnson saw fissures.

'We've just handed the country to the Republican Party,' he told aide Bill Moyers after signing the Civil Rights Act.

The man Johnson beat so handily in 1964, U.S. Senator Barry Goldwater (R.-Arizona), started a revolution that indeed would make LBJ a prophet: conservatism. It found its base in the Sunbelt; the suburbs of Orange County, California; the wide-open spaces of the Southwest; and eventually the Bible Belt. Goldwater supporter Ronald Reagan made a memorable TV address known simply as The Speech, launching his political career. It would be the palatability of Nixon and Reagan, in backlash to the Civil Rights Act, that would have the ultimate, strange effect of husbanding the South, as Los Angeles Times Pulitzer Prize-winning sports columnist Jim Murray later wrote, 'back into the Union.' This meant the unforeseen, improbable scenario in which Southern blacks would find equality not under Democrats but under Republicans. The ironic beneficiary of the civil rights movement, probably the greatest, most noble liberal effort of the 20^th Century, would be conservatism!

In 1964, the painful crumbling of New York City was symbolized by a citywide blackout. During that long, hot summer, crime and racial animosities boiled over in Harlem and the Bronx. A militant Black Muslim, Malcolm X advocated a split from the peaceful, non-violent methods of the Christian King.

David Halberstam wrote a book called October 1964, which used that year's Cardinals-Yankees World Series as a metaphor for a changing America. The Cardinals represented the winning Democrats; young, urban, hip, of varying colors and ethnic diversities. The Yankees were the Republicans; country club Wall Streeters, mostly white. The Cardinals, like the Democrats, won that fall. The Yankees, like the Republicans, went into a slump. Like the GOP, the Yanks made a huge comeback years later, establishing dominance.

In the summer of 1964, LBJ purportedly manufactured a reason for going to war with the North Vietnamese Communists. A disputed Naval battle took place at the Gulf of Tonkin. Johnson used the event to drum up support for escalation. Communism was on the rise and threatening freedom on a global scale. Red China had split with the Soviet Union in 1957, but their brand of Communism was every bit as virulent if not worse. It was assumed that the Chinese were calling the shots in Hanoi, in concert with Soviet handlers. During this period of time, the Pentagon put forward a report on the larger issues of Communism and Vietnam.

Years later, a turncoat Defense Department advisor named Daniel Ellsberg would distribute it to the New York Times. Dubbed the 'Pentagon Papers,' it blew the lid on the Gulf of Tonkin and shed doubt on the threat of Communism. It developed the course of Ho Chi Minh, a 'freedom fighter' who worked with U.S. forces against the Japanese in World War II and asked President Harry Truman to help his small country earn post-war freedom instead of French colonization. Truman chose to side with the French allies, and Dien Bien Phu resulted. The French bugged out, leaving America to battle Red forces in the region.

A 'domino theory' was established, beginning with the 'Truman doctrine,' advocated by Secretary of Defense Robert McNamera. This posited the notion that if one nation (Vietnam) went Communist, the next nation (Cambodia, Laos) would go Communist, until a whole region (Southeast Asia) fell. Long range strategists saw an endgame in which the most important of all Third World countries, India, teetering in between Democracy and Communism, would fall with disastrous global consequences.

The Chinese exploded their first atomic bomb in 1964 and launched their first nuclear missile two years later. In 1966 Mao Tse-Tung instituted a 10-year reign of terror known as the Cultural Revolution. It is estimated that some 55 million human beings were murdered during this period. The full scale of Communist crimes against humanity was not fully known in the mid-1960s. After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, their archives were opened up. The Venona Project, which determined that many of the people thought to have been wrongfully accused of Communist affiliation and outright espionage – including high-ranking Franklin Roosevelt aide Alger Hiss, the man Nixon went after – were indeed guilty. Estimates vary, but this is where the widely held figure of100 million dead came from.

While the reasons for going to war in Vietnam may have been nebulous, self-serving and based upon narrow political considerations of the era, the general consideration of Communist dangers, later confirmed, was well understood by many Americans. This was the overriding motive of President Johnson and Republican Congressional hawks. The mistakes that followed have been blamed on many of these people, with justification, but the essential reason for fighting the war was, as President Ronald Reagan insisted long after most called it a mistake, 'noble.'

In the 1960 Kennedy-Nixon debate, Richard Nixon had pointed out that some 800,000 people (going on a billion-plus) lived under Communism and only 550,000 under freedom, with a huge Third World considered the great prize in between. Latin America threatened to go Communist, with the Argentinean-turned-Cuban-revolutionary Che Guevara leading a series of rearguard terrorist actions against all forms of capitalism and Democracy in the region. The Communists were on the march in Africa and in Asia. They controlled Eastern Europe behind what Winston Churchill called an Iron Curtain. The U.S.S.R. was making deals with France and India. They established legitimate political parties in Italy, Greece and other liberal European countries. The Soviets continued to use what Vladimir Lenin called 'useful idiots' to push their cause in the American and Western media.

1964 was a seminal year in this regard, although it had started earlier. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, an increasing number of films sympathetic to Communism appeared, usually depicting 'peasants' or 'farmers' who, only after 'collectivizing,' could save their land. Films like Song of Russia and Mission to Moscow made no attempt to disguise their pro-Communist messages. Even such actors as Gregory Peck, one of the most respected stars of all time, lent themselves, wittingly or unwittingly, to the 'cause.' Peck once allowed himself to be filmed in a cartoonishly bad scene with a beautiful woman and a bearded old man, all fighting the Nazis. In between firing shots, they spout off the most hackneyed possible Communist phraseology; as if in fighting desperately for one's life in freezing conditions, such things would cross their minds!

Ayn Rand, a fiercely anti-Communist woman who had escaped Stalin's Russia, landing in Hollywood in the 1930s, led a vanguard conservative movement pointing out its hold on the film industry. Her magnum opus novel, Atlas Shrugged (reportedly under film development with Angelina Jolie), depicted a futuristic alternative world; one that seemingly would have existed had World War II not been fought. The United States, now a second rate power never recovered from the Great Depression, can be saved only by a handful of 'men of the mind,' conservative excellencies representing the 'thin red line' between anarchy and freedom. Conservative and Christian icon Whittaker Chambers, however, found it elitist, stating that each page screamed, ''to the gas chambers' for all but the most gifted amongst us. Ronald Reagan, William F. Buckley and Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan all considered it a seminal influence on their political ideologies.

It took years, but after the U.S. won the Cold War and the archives were opened, it was confirmed that many of the Hollywood filmmaker's accused of Communism were Communists. However, in the 1950s McCarthyism became a dirty word. In truth, it was not Wisconsin Republican Senator Joseph McCarthy's accusations, often wild and misleading but not always, that got him in trouble. Despite revisionism, McCarthy had little if any interest in Hollywood, which is why movies depicting the era use fictional characters with 'McCarthyite characteristics' instead of the real thing. McCarthy only became unpopular when he seemingly went crazy; crazy enough to go after former World War II military chief of staff and Secretary of State George C. Marshall, and even RepublicanPresident Dwight D. Eisenhower! These are two icons of world history, men whose visage sits astride the annals of man more proudly than perhaps any with the exception of the living Christ. On top of that, Marshall – even though he kept his politics private – was almost assuredly a conservative Republican, albeit an international pragmatist.

After the election of Kennedy in 1960 and the Democrat sweeps of 1964, the Left was feeling confident and ready for revenge. Aside from McCarthyism, they had been humiliated by Nixon when he backed Whittaker Chambers and proved that Alger Hiss, a leading Roosevelt aide, had been a Soviet spy.

In 1957, Sweet Smell of Success starred Burt Lancaster as a thinly disguised Walter Winchell, a redbaiting radio and newspaper personality who had attacked numerous Communists (and some who probably were not). His staccato voice was the narration for the TV show The Untouchables, starring Robert Stack. In the film, the Winchell character is thoroughly disgraced: a liar and for good measure an incestuous sibling!

The old religious fare – The Ten Commandments, Ben-Hur – was replaced by social angst, revolution, and 'blame America' movies. In 1960, 'blacklisted' screenwriter Dalton Trumbo – after writing under a pseudonym for several years - was allowed to write Spartacus for Kirk Douglas and director Stanley Kubrick. Mallow drops mac os. The story of a slave rebellion against the Roman Empire was a veneer for a social re-ordering against America.

Eve Of Destruction - Redux Mac Os 11

In 1962, John Frankenheimer's The Manchurian Candidate depicted a bumbling, alcoholic McCarthyite Senator (James Gregory). Producer Frank Sinatra (at that time in the process of becoming a Republican for two reasons: the Kennedy's snubbed him, and he suspected them in the murder of Marilyn Monroe) always insisted it was an anti-Communist film. The fact that a presumably Republican society woman (Angela Lansbury) turns out to be a Soviet spy who has an incestuous relationship with her son (Laurence Harvey) while turning him into a robotic assassin of a Presidential candidate creates murky questions as to who is evil; the Communists for orchestrating such a plot, or the Republican society woman for carrying it out?

That same year, Advise & Consent offered a similarly convoluted message. The Chambers-Hiss affair is fictionalized with Henry Fonda (the Hiss character) discrediting Burgess Meredith (the Chambers character). Later it turns out Fonda did attend Communist meetings, which are said to have been relatively harmless. The film does not benefit from the Venona archives 30 years' hence, which showed Hiss was a paid spy.

In 1963, Frankenheimer returned with Seven Days in May, based on the true story of Republican industrialists who plotted a military overthrow of FDR in 1934. The film did not show that it was a presumably Republican Marine, Smedley Butler, who foils the plot. In the film, the Marine is now an 'ACLU type' played by Kirk Douglas, who thwarts the overthrow plotted by Burt Lancaster, playing a character similar to Right-wing Air Force Commanding General 'bombs away with' Curt LeMay, JFK's 'rival' during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

In 1964, several movies put forth the message that nuclear weapons were bad, and that American aggression or mistakes would be our undoing because of them. Fail-Safe told the story of a mistake that launches a strike against the Soviet Union. Dr. Strangelove was Kubrick's darkly comic turn, which does the same thing. In both movies, the poor Soviets are the victims at no fault of their own.

Other films had a social edge to them. Cool Hand Luke was a sympathetic view of prisoners in a brutal 'chain gang' system. To Sir With Love was banned in Alabama because it showed a black teacher (Sidney Poitier) in charge of white working class English students. In the Heat of the Night featured Poitier as a sophisticated big city detective who comes down to Mississippi and shows the 'dumb crackers' some real police work. The Graduate rejected middle class values; parents were alcoholics, liars, cheats and sexual libertines. Easy Rider glorified drug use, at least until a white Southern 'redneck' kills a peaceful, dope-smoking hippie for no good reason. Midnight Cowboy explored the seamy world of hustling with homosexual themes on the dirty streets of New York City.

While conservatives can find much to fault in all of these and many other films of this and later eras, nobody can deny one essential fact: they were great movies, artistically and financially. To the extent that one could quantify such a thing, great filmmaking had changed hands from such conservatives as Frank Capra, John Ford and Darryl Zanuck to liberals like Stanley Kubrick, Dalton Trumbo and John Frankenheimer.

1964 was also a seminal year in music, an art form that like Hollywood leaned to the Left. Early rockers like Elvis Presley, The Righteous Brothers and The Beach Boys ranged from conservative to apolitical. The 'British rock invasion' began to change that. The Beatles introduced new hair and clothing styles that resulted in the 'long-haired hippie' look. Controversial front man John Lennon declared that the group was 'more popular than Jesus Christ.' Time magazine's April 8, 1966 cover asked the question, 'Is God Dead?' Roman Polanski's Rosemary's Baby did not ask that question, it declared it to be a fact while depicting the birth of the anti-Christ in a New York luxury apartment building.

The Rolling Stones became the symbol of hedonism, their 'Sympathy for the Devil' raising the question of Satan worship. Jim Morrison of The Doors seemed to take that a step further, exploring dark themes of life after death that rejected Christianity with such works as 'When the Music's Over,' which included the lyrics 'Cancel my subscription to the resurrection . . . send my credentials to the House of Detention.'

Only The Who, a group of kids from middle class British backgrounds, maintained the slightest vestige of traditional values. Their rock opera 'Tommy,' while no revival meeting, did explore guitarist Peter Townshend's quest for the meaning of Christ (parabled by the miraculous 'deaf, dumb and blind boy' from 'Pinball Wizard') in his hard-to-understand young life.

In the late 1950s, the Beats were San Francisco poets who endorsed counter-culturalism. Their seminal work was Jack Kerouac's On the Road. The Beats' voice became Allen Ginsberg, who transported the movement from the West Coast to New York. He was said to have 'homosexualized' it by 'forcing himself' on several otherwise-straight members of the Beat generation, Kerouac allegedly among them. According to rumor, novelist Gore Vidal did the same thing to other young men. The theory behind this was that, through the use of alcohol and psychedelic drugs, they were able to convince reluctant men to try this activity; that it was merely a 'lifestyle choice,' an 'alternative' that was neither worse and maybe even better than traditional male-female sex.

Further rumors spread that Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones, although straight, engaged in such activity out of hedonistic, drug-inspired boredom. To the extent that Ginsberg and Vidal inspired such a thing, the 'gay liberation movement' took shape in the 1960s. In 1969, a riot/protest at Stonewall, a gay bar in New York, made headlines. The movement attempted to make homosexuality mainstream, but AIDS took a terrible toll on gay people. Drug use via dirty needles also spread AIDS. Other sexually transmitted diseases increased tremendously, partly as a result of rampant homosexuality, but also because of 'free love' among straights.

The American Civil Liberties Union became a powerful legal force in the 1950s, ostensibly strengthened by liberal reaction to McCarthyism. The goal of the ACLU, which has evolved over the years, was to fight traditional precepts thought to be restrictive, paternal, and stifling. Criminal rights, racial and gender victimization; all aspects of individual liberty have been its staple, with much attendant controversy since, like most good things, it can and has been badly overdone. The concept of class action lawsuits and an overly litigious society are its legacy, again with some legitimate success, and with many unfortunate results. Among the unfortunate results have been the ability of special interest groups, especially of minority races, to extract huge monetary awards and, more often than not, 'payoffs' (often orchestrated by such 'race peddlers' as Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton) from legitimate corporations. Enormous jury settlements orchestrated by the ACLU have driven the cost of goods and services provided by corporations, but its most egregious influence has been on the health care industry. Doctors and hospitals have been forced to 'value add' huge costs to medical care in order to off-set the terrible threats, awards and pay-offs extracted by these legal off-shoots.

Then there is the issue of drug use. The 'high priest' of psychedelic narcotics was Dr. Timothy Leary, a highly publicized Harvard professor who encouraged young people to 'drop acid.' Acid was LSD, allegedly invented or manipulated by the CIA as a Cold War tactic to get defectors, spies and turncoats to talk. It was 'perfected' by a Berkeley chemist named Owsley Stanley. A 'good trip' reportedly made people 'commune with God.' Bad trips were most Satanic in nature. It had devastating consequences on millions of people, its affects felt today in an on-going drug epidemic. Marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, pills (uppers and downers) all entered the culture full bore.

'Tune in, turn on and drop out,' Leary advised his disciples, who did just that by the hundreds of thousands, with terrible ramifications. Perhaps hardest hit were black people. By 1965, they had made enormous strides in social and economic progress. The average black family was still a relatively cohesive unit in the mid-1960s. Their collision course with the 'hippie movement' and the drug culture was a devastating blow to them. Many middle class white children, destroyed by drugs, were able to return to the support system of families. They could afford rehabilitation, generally absorbing loved ones back into the home, thus effectuating recovery. Many blacks did not have this advantage and, once hooked, found themselves living on the streets with no place to go. When they 'dropped out,' they never came back.

The entire 'tune in, turn on and drop out' movement was symbolized by the 'Summer of Love,' which officially lasted from May until September of 1967 in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park. As an idea, a concept, it embodied most of the country – particularly the two coasts – lasting roughly between 1966 and 1970. Sociologists differ on how big or small it really was. As an overall societal revolution, it encompassed free speech, anti-war protest, civil rights, gay rights, the environment, free love, the 'sexual revolution,' and women's rights; connecting hippies, 'flower children,' Eastern religious concepts, transcendentalism, and a host of isms into a melting pot called the 1960s.

All of it morphed with the rock ‘n' roll music of the era, resulting in enormous 'love-ins' and concerts, many free. The two most famous of these were events held on each coast, one in California and the other in New York state. The Monterey Pop Festival featured radical, African-American guitar impresario Jimi Hendrix (ironically a former member of the Army's famed 'screaming eagles' ' 101^st Airborne Division) 'going electric.' The second occurred in 1969, just as the New York Mets were making their stretch run on the National League's East Division. Woodstock was the touchstone event of a generation. The next year, its 'death' was symbolized when The Rolling Stones tried to duplicate Woodstock in California, only to see the Hells right. Richard Nixon and the Right picked up on Moynihan's themes and have espoused them as the Holy Grail, albeit with much self-serving political manipulation, ever since.

In 1964, a University of California student named Mario Savio stood on top of a police car when cops tried to break up a demonstration on the Berkeley campus. Thus was born the 'free speech movement.' As the Vietnam War escalated between 1964 and 1966, the free speech movement morphed into the anti-war movement, epicentered in Berkeley – the campus and the city – with 'branch operations' fomenting into full blown riots at Columbia, Wisconsin, and all points in between. The angst created by all of this eventually escalated into the fatal shootings of students at Ohio's normally quiet Kent State University in 1970. When New York Yankees manager Ralph Houk observed police officers on the field to break up a typical baseball brawl at Yankee Stadium, his reaction was: 'What the hell are the cops doing on the field? They should be at the university where they belong.'

In many ways the civil rights movement was swallowed up by the anti-war movement, which became the dominant theme of Time magazine beginning in 1966. American Communists had traditionally tried to co-opt the civil rights movement. Black leaders such as the staunch Republican Jackie Robinson put the kabosh on that, but even Dr. King's organization was infiltrated to some extent. The Communists helped finance much of the anti-war movement. The anti-war protest was unquestionably genuine, and among average kids and citizens who participated, a Communist revolution was not their agenda. However, the FBI and the historical record proved that time after time the nuts and bolts of the movement - actual organization, leafleting, purchase of permits, legal shelters, and the like – came from de facto, front or actual Communist groups.

The Reverend Billy Graham said as much at the time, but the Left thought he was out of his mind. Jim Bouton called him 'dangerous' in Ball Four, but de-classified documents over the years demonstrated that Graham was right as rain.

Even protests of the Iraq War have often been organized (not always) by offshoots of these Communist organizations. Since the end of the Cold War (and the exposure of Communist body counts over the years) it became unfashionable to use the word Communist, but a virulent sense of anti-Americanism, with many roots, motivations and guises, has risen up in its stead. The anti-war movement had an enormous effect on the conduct of the Vietnam War and American life, resulting in huge fissures in American society and politics, all profoundly felt to this day.

California always seemed to have been a place that 'got it right,' a progressive state, a trendsetter. It certainly was when it came to societal progress on the fields of athletic competition. A decade before Jackie Robinson broke the 'color barrier' in Brooklyn, he and his integrated UCLA teammates were freely, openly playing football games against the integrated University of Southern California in front of 75,000 integrated fans at the L.A. Coliseum. The Golden State liked to pat itself on the back because, when the rest of the country was backward, in their minds they were elites, superior. This concept came crashing down with a huge dose of reality during the long, hot summer of 1965. A white cop stopped a black motorist not far from the same Coliseum where Robinson thrilled football fans. A black crowd gathered. Enraged over long-simmering police brutality, they became violent, sparking riots in the Watts section of Los Angeles.

The Watts riots had a profound effect on the body politic. The conservative movement, defeated at the polls in 1964 and thought to be 'too extreme,' found voice in California's rookie Gubernatorial candidate for 1966, Ronald Reagan. Reagan and the Right separated from its moderate GOP counterparts, known as the 'Rockefeller wing' of the Republican Party, centered in New York and Connecticut. This was the GOP that David Halberstam identified the losing 1964 Yankees with. Like the Yanks, the party re-grouped and found a new, winning formula. The political Republicans found it faster than the baseball Republicans did, though.

Reagan and the Right were reactionaries to all that happened in the 1960s. If the Left could ever admit to such a thing as their version of 'blowback,' a CIA term they like to point to when finding all the world's ills somehow flowing back to America, they would have to acknowledge that the Reagan Revolution which followed was in many ways caused by them. Reagan and the conservatives appealed to mostly white, middle class homeowners pursuing or trying to hold onto the American Dream. Many have found hate, division and racism in its message. In truth many with those predilections attached themselves to it, but the essential message of patriotism, Christianity, anti-Communism, low taxes, personal freedom, responsibility, entrepreneurial capitalism, a strong military, courageous valor, respect for life and family (therefore opposition to abortion) were planks of the movement.

Despite being attacked, reviled and spat upon for decades, these remain its rock positions. Its positive messages have enormous appeal, with visceral emotional attachment that tends to make people willing to die upholding them. This explains why the enormous majority of the military, both officers and enlisted personnel identify to one extent or another with these themes. Many argue they are the foundation of the country. It is the argument with those who disagree with this concept in a fundamental way where the greatest divide currently resides. In this respect the notion that conservatism is divisive (certainly as opposed to moderation) might not be as far off base as many wish to admit.

Reagan won in a landslide over Democrat Governor Edmund 'Pat' Brown, who only four years earlier soundly defeated former Vice-President Richard Nixon and had some excellent accomplishments under his belt. Reagan's popularity came from his opposition to anti-war protestors (therefore supporting Vietnam), the Black Panthers (who replaced Martin Luther King's Christian non-violence in many quarters), the Watts rioters, the hippies, the Summer of Love, the campus marchers, the Berkeley agitators, all things Communist or close to Communist, atheism or religious weirdness, a Supreme Court more concerned with criminals than victims (Miranda), and socialists (high taxers 'stealing' your hard-earned money), among other hot button issues (then and now).

After having the 1960 election stolen from him by Kennedy, Nixon chose not to contest it 'for the good of the country.' Some historians say Nixon was involved in 'dirty tricks' of his own (the later record makes this seem plausible), but the record is by no means as clear on the subject as the Chicago-Texas-Daley-LBJ-Joe Kennedy 'tombstone vote' scandal the Washington Post chose to hide in plain sight from.

Nixon turned down the chance to become Commissioner of Baseball in 1961, entered private law practice in Los Angeles, and then made a failed run for Governor. Nixon was disgusted that his home state did not bow and scrape to him in the manner he felt a Vice-President under Dwight Eisenhower deserved. He moved to New York to pursue the 'fast track' on Wall Street; probably his smartest political move. Between 1963 and 1967 Nixon was involved in several important Supreme Court decisions revolving around the issue of private rights vs. those of a public persona. He had general freedom to travel, make speeches, and be political. He was what major law firms call a 'rainmaker' who brings in big bucks clientele by virtue of reputation and contacts.

Nixon chose not to run for President in 1964 for any number of reasons, mainly that he could not beat JFK or the man carrying on the martyred man's legacy, Johnson. He supported LBJ in Vietnam (the GOP as a whole did; a decided reversal from the actions of Democrats when placed in a similar position in the 2000s) but virulently opposed the Great Society. He was the perfect voice to speak against the anti-war protestors and that ilk. In 1966 he traveled the nation, earning favors as he supported Republican candidates (including Reagan in their shared home state). The Republicans won a huge mid-term sweep.

Throughout 1966 and 1967, the general perception was that the United States was winning the Vietnam War. There were unnerving signs, however. American casualties were disturbingly high, troop escalations constant, and the enemy (a combination of Viet Cong 'terrorists' and hit ‘n' run elements of the North Vietnamese Army) could not be crushed. Some have argued that had Nixon been President during this crucial period, he would have struck with enough savage force to end the conflict. This may be true but is unlikely. The period in which the war might have been 'won' in decisive military manner was probably early, during JFK's term (1961-63) or 1964. By 1965-66 too many elements were working against the U.S. to achieve a complete victory using limited means, which was all LBJ was willing to do.

In the back of all American minds was the Korean War after the Inchon invasion. General Douglas MacArthur had brilliantly captured the Communist capital of Pyongyang. Victory belonged to America again; not just victory in the Korean War but the symbolic victory of freedom over Communism, still a relatively nascent political concept whose full truths were only being revealed in piecemeal fashion. Then 1 million Chinese regulars crossed the Yalu River to join the fray. MacArthur chose to take a stand, to defeat China and international Communism once and for all, in North Korea followed by hot pursuit into Mainland China. But Manhattan Project architect Robert Oppenheimer had leaked atomic secrets to Soviet scientists, apparently because he did not think it 'fair' that America be able to wage such war without millions of our people suffering the consequence of our actions. It was as if Oppenheimer thought after the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, we should have suffered similar fates in Wichita and San Diego just to 'even things up,' not unlike the actual ending in Fail-Safe.

Eve Of Destruction - Redux Mac Os Sierra

The Russians used Oppenheimer's technology and that given them by American spies, including Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, exploding their weapon in 1949. Red China and the U.S.S.R. were tightly allied. President Harry Truman feared a nuclear World War III, and ordered MacArthur to retreat. The war ended in stalemate, but the essential goal of maintaining a free society in South Korea was achieved. The chance to achieve an undivided, free Vietnam was lost in the early stages when the U.S. did not invade the north and conquer Hanoi, although this certainly sounds easier said than done. The limited goal by 1967-68 was to establish a free South Vietnam with a Communist north, as in Korea.

Everything came to a boil in 1968. In January the Communists launched a military offensive on the eve of Tet, the Chinese New Year. It was an abject military failure but the American media, led by CBS' Walter Cronkite, treated it as a success. Cronkite just plain told his audience he thought the war unwinnable and so we should quit. Most of the public (or at least the Left) bought it with a fork and spoon. Right or wrong - and mistakes have been made since then by not adhering to this premise - when the public lost support for the war (which occurred between January and March, 1968), achieving a difficult objective became, and continues to be, very, very hard to do. The conservatives and hawks clung, and still in many quarters still cling, to the notion that the Left is overcome with cowardice, and that they alone remain the last, best hope – the 'thin red line' – between anarchy and order, between chaos and freedom.

In March, Johnson announced that 'if nominated I will not run, if elected I will not serve' as President after the November elections. Senator Robert Kennedy immediately entered the Democrat Primaries, establishing himself as the favorite in the general election. Nixon, in the process of winning the Republican nomination, was apoplectic over the prospect of losing a bitter campaign to another Kennedy. He vowed to play 'hardball' this time; to fight the Kennedy's with everything he had no matter how bare knuckles it got.

Eve Of Destruction - Redux Mac Os X

In April, just as Major League teams were playing their openers, a white man in Memphis, Tennessee assassinated Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Race riots had gripped a number of American cities in 1967. After Dr. King's murder, it escalated to virtually every metropolitan urban center in the nation. However, Senator Kennedy spoke soothingly to a black audience in Indianapolis. After informing the unsuspecting crowd, who reacted in horror, he gave a graceful speech, invoking the memory of his brother 'who was also killed by a white man.' Kennedy quoted the Greek poet Aeschylus, and almost by miracle Indianapolis remained one of the few major cities that did not burn.

Eve Of Destruction - Redux Mac Os Download

In the spring of 1968, RFK shot to the stratosphere of political popularity like few before or since. He organized a coalition of blacks (despite having wiretapped King), Mexican farm workers (despite coming from unimaginable wealth and privilege), and all-out opponents of the Vietnam War (despite literally being one of the architects of the war). Kennedy was able to walk all these tightropes, harnessing the full force of anti-war sentiment.

In June, Kennedy won the California Primary, establishing himself as the de facto nominee and favorite against Nixon. That day he and his family relaxed in the sun and surf at the Malibu home of John Frankenheimer, a friend and supporter. He was the same man who directed The Manchurian Candidate, the 1962 political thriller about the assassination of a Presidential candidate which had been shelved for a while after JFK's actual killing the next year. RFK had no intention of attending a rally at the Ambassador Hotel near downtown L.A. Sometime around nine at night he received a call from aides who said the ballroom was abuzz with excitement over his victory, and that his appearance would be a tremendous help to the campaign. Kennedy made the 45-minute drive along the twisting, turning Pacific Coast Highway, then on up to the mid-Wilshire District where the Ambassador is. After telling the exuberant audience 'it's on to Chicago

The murder of Robert F. Kennedy opened the door for Richard M. Nixon's election to the Presidency that fall. Historians can argue that RFK's victory over Nixon was not in the bag. Indeed, anything could have happened and it was not a fait accompli, but even the most ardent Nixon fans, if honest, must admit it would have been an uphill struggle.

Nixon found his voice and his constituency, who he brilliantly identified as the Silent Majority: Christians, patriots, honest citizens, taxpayers, families, supporters of the military who believed winning in Vietnam, defeating Communism, and achieving American interests was necessary. The unsaid flip side of the Silent Majority was that Democrats, liberals and anti-war protestors were not what the Silent Majority was; Christians, honest citizens, taxpayers, and the like. This divisive argument lasts to this day, and of course no conservative can successfully blanket the Left with accusations of treason, dishonesty, atheism, and the like. That said, Nixon identified his constituency, and they voted for him. In 1972 they returned him to office with the highest vote count in the history of America.

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